Club Resources

Cheat Sheet

Water Parameters

General safe ranges for a typical freshwater community tank. Always research the specific needs of your species — some, like Discus or Rams, need tighter ranges.

pH

Acidity / Alkalinity

Soft water species5.5–7.0
General community6.5–7.5
Hard water / cichlids7.5–8.5
GH — General Hardness

Dissolved Minerals

Soft0–4 dGH
Medium4–8 dGH
Hard8–16+ dGH
KH — Carbonate Hardness

Buffering Capacity

Low (soft/acidic)0–3 dKH
Moderate3–8 dKH
High (stable pH)8+ dKH
NH3/NH4 — Ammonia

Toxic Waste Product

Safe (cycled tank)0 ppm
Caution0.25 ppm
Dangerous0.5+ ppm
NO2 — Nitrite

Toxic Waste Product

Safe (cycled tank)0 ppm
Caution0.25 ppm
Dangerous0.5+ ppm
NO3 — Nitrate

End Product (less toxic)

Ideal<20 ppm
Acceptable20–40 ppm
Water change due40+ ppm

Ammonia and nitrite should always read 0 ppm in a fully cycled, established tank. Any reading above 0 signals a problem — do a water change and test daily until it resolves.

How It Works

The Nitrogen Cycle

Every new tank needs to "cycle" before it's safe for fish — this is the process that makes it happen.

Day 1

Fish Waste & Food

Uneaten food and waste break down, releasing toxic ammonia (NH3) into the water.

Day 5–10

Ammonia → Nitrite

Nitrosomonas bacteria colonise your filter and convert ammonia into nitrite (NO2) — still toxic to fish.

Day 15–25

Nitrite → Nitrate

Nitrobacter bacteria establish next, converting nitrite into nitrate (NO3) — far less toxic in normal doses.

Ongoing

Water Changes

Nitrate builds up over time and is removed through regular partial water changes — the cycle repeats forever.

Tip: A full cycle typically takes 4–6 weeks. Test daily with a liquid test kit, and only add fish once ammonia and nitrite both read 0 ppm consistently.
A–Z

Glossary

Common terms and acronyms you'll hear at meetings, in the newsletter, and around the hobby.

BAP — Breeding Awards Program

ECAAC's points-based program recognising members who successfully breed and raise fish species.

SBP — Specialist Breeder Program

Recognition for members who focus deeply on breeding one species class over time.

HAP — Horticultural Award Program

ECAAC's award program for propagating aquatic plants.

AAP — Aquascaping Awards Program

A judged competition celebrating planted and hardscape aquarium designs.

Fishless Cycling

Establishing beneficial bacteria in a new tank using pure ammonia instead of live fish.

dGH / dKH

Units (degrees) used to measure General Hardness and Carbonate Hardness in water.

TDS — Total Dissolved Solids

A measurement (in ppm) of all minerals and salts dissolved in the water.

EI Dosing — Estimative Index

A fertiliser dosing method for planted tanks that dumps nutrients in excess, relying on water changes to reset levels.

CO2 Injection

Adding pressurised or DIY carbon dioxide to a planted tank to boost plant growth.

Root Tabs

Fertiliser tablets pushed into substrate to feed root-feeding plants like swords and crypts.

Blackwater

Tannin-stained water (from driftwood or leaf litter) that mimics soft, acidic natural habitats.

Iwagumi

A minimalist Japanese aquascaping style built around a small number of carefully placed stones.

Dutch Style

An aquascaping style focused on dense plant terraces with no hardscape, arranged like an underwater garden.

Biotope

A tank designed to replicate a specific natural habitat, using only species and materials found there.

Quarantine Tank (QT)

A separate tank used to isolate and observe new fish or plants before introducing them to a main tank.

Wet/Dry Start (Dry-Start Method)

Growing carpet plants emersed (out of water) before flooding a tank, to establish a denser root system.

Forms & Documents

Downloads

Official ECAAC documents and forms. Bring a printed or digital copy to meetings where relevant.

Membership Application

PDF · Application form View Page

BAP Submission Form

PDF · Breeding Awards Download

HAP Submission Form

PDF · Horticultural Awards Download

Field Trip Waiver

PDF · Required for excursions Download

ECAAC Constitution

PDF · Governing document View Page

ECAAC Bylaws

PDF · Governing document View Page
Supporting Local Business

Sponsors & Member Discounts

Show your membership card at these supporting local stores for member benefits.

Can't find what you're looking for?

Ask in the club WhatsApp group or bring your question to the next monthly meeting — our members are always happy to help.

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